# 文件压缩和打包 关于压缩的常见扩展名： * `*.gz`：gzip程序压缩的文件 * `*.bz2`：bzip2程序压缩的文件 * `*.xz`：xz程序压缩的文件 这些命令和程序只能对单一文件压缩与解压，但可以先把一堆文件打包后再压缩 打包文件扩展名：`*.tar` 打包软件`tar`只负责打包，不负责压缩 如果既打包又压缩，扩展名为: * `*.tar.gz` * `*.tar.bz2` * `*.tar.xz` ## gzip压缩命令 *** gzip支持压缩文件为`*.gz`，解压文件`*.gz`，`*.Z`，`*.zip` **格式：** ```shell gzip [参数] 文件 ``` **参数：** * 不带参数：压缩 * `-d`：解压 * `-v`：压缩，并展示压缩信息 * 压缩默认会删除原文件，只保留压缩文件 * 要预览压缩文件内容，使用`zcat 文件`命令 **例子：** ``` [user1@qmmms ~]$ gzip -v services services: 79.7% -- replaced with services.gz [user1@qmmms ~]$ ls -l services.gz -rw-r--r-- 1 user1 basic_users 136088 9月 12 10:46 services.gz [user1@qmmms ~]$ gzip -d services.gz ``` ## zip 压缩一个目录： ```shell zip -r archive_name.zip directory_to_compress ``` 解压一个zip文件： ```shell unzip archive_name.zip ``` ## 其他压缩命令 *** ```shell bzip2 [参数] 文件 #使用bzip2压缩 bzcat 文件 #预览 xz [参数] 文件 #使用xz压缩 xzcat 文件 #预览 ``` 参数与gzip基本一样，见上 ## 打包命令 *** **格式：** ```shell tar [参数] [cv] [-f 新文件名] 文件 #打包+压缩 tar [参数] [tv] [-f 包] #预览包内内容 tar [参数] [xv] [-f 包] [-C 目录] #解压 ``` **参数：** * `-c`：打包 * `-t`：预览 * `-x`：解压 以上三个命令不能同时出现，可以搭配`-v`实时查看处理的文件名 * `-z`：使用gzip * `-j`：使用bzip2 * `-J`：使用xz 以上三个命令不能同时出现，注意扩展名配套 * `-C`：解压时表示目标目录 * `-p`：保留原本权限和属性 * `-P`：保留根目录 **例子：** ``` [root@qmmms home]# tar -zcv -f user1.tar.gz user1/ user1/ user1/services user1/.viminfo user1/tmp/ user1/tmp/test user1/.lesshst user1/.bash_logout user1/dir_test/ user1/sayhi user1/.bash_profile user1/.bash_history user1/doc user1/.bashrc [root@qmmms home]# tar -ztv -f user1.tar.gz drwx------ user1/basic_users 0 2022-09-12 11:33 user1/ -rw-r--r-- user1/basic_users 670293 2022-09-12 10:46 user1/services -rw------- user1/basic_users 805 2022-09-12 10:44 user1/.viminfo drwxrwxrwt root/root 0 2022-09-04 23:05 user1/tmp/ -rw-r--r-- root/root 0 2022-09-04 23:05 user1/tmp/test -rw------- user1/basic_users 45 2022-09-04 13:20 user1/.lesshst -rw-r--r-- user1/basic_users 18 2021-11-25 00:33 user1/.bash_logout drwxrwxrwT user1/basic_users 0 2022-09-02 17:24 user1/dir_test/ -rwxr-xr-x user1/basic_users 8360 2022-09-02 13:36 user1/sayhi -rw-r--r-- user1/basic_users 193 2021-11-25 00:33 user1/.bash_profile -rw------- user1/basic_users 8916 2022-09-12 11:33 user1/.bash_history -rw------- user1/basic_users 12 2022-09-12 10:44 user1/doc -rw-r--r-- user1/basic_users 231 2021-11-25 00:33 user1/.bashrc [root@qmmms home]# tar -zxv -f user1.tar.gz -C ~ user1/ user1/services user1/.viminfo user1/tmp/ user1/tmp/test user1/.lesshst user1/.bash_logout user1/dir_test/ user1/sayhi user1/.bash_profile user1/.bash_history user1/doc user1/.bashrc ``` --- # Agent Instructions: Querying This Documentation If you need additional information that is not directly available in this page, you can query the documentation dynamically by asking a question. Perform an HTTP GET request on the current page URL with the `ask` query parameter: ``` GET https://qmmms.gitbook.io/note/linux/qms06-wen-jian-ya-suo-he-da-bao.md?ask= ``` The question should be specific, self-contained, and written in natural language. The response will contain a direct answer to the question and relevant excerpts and sources from the documentation. Use this mechanism when the answer is not explicitly present in the current page, you need clarification or additional context, or you want to retrieve related documentation sections.